Forces in inhomogeneous open active-particle systems

Abstract

We study the force that non-interacting point-like active particles apply to a symmetric inert object in the presence of a gradient of activity and particle sources and sinks. We consider two simple patterns of sources and sinks that are common in biological systems. We analytically solve a one dimensional model designed to emulate higher dimensional systems, and study a two dimensional model by numerical simulations. We specify when the particle flux due to the creation and annihilation of particles can act to smooth the density profile that is induced by a gradient in the velocity of the active particles, and find the net resultant force due to both the gradient in activity and the particle flux. These results are compared qualitatively to observations of nuclear motion inside the oocyte, that is driven by a gradient in activity of actin-coated vesicles.

arXiv comment14 pages, 8 figures

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• Broken detailed balance and non-equilibrium dynamics in living systems
• Stationary superstatistics distributions of trapped run-and-tumble particles
• Chemotaxis of cargo-carrying self-propelled particles
• Active Brownian particle in harmonic trap: exact computation of moments, and re-entrant transition
• The entropy production of an active particle in a box
• Nonequilibrium steady state of trapped active particles
• Colloidal Brazil nut effect in microswimmer mixtures induced by motility contrast
• Confined run and tumble particles with non-Markovian tumbling statistics