Pygmy and core polarization dipole modes in ${}^{206}$Pb: connecting nuclear structure to stellar nucleosynthesis

Abstract

A high-resolution study of the electromagnetic response of ${}^{206}$Pb below the neutron separation energy is performed using a ($\vec{\gamma }$,${\gamma }^{\prime }$) experiment at the HI$\vec{\gamma }$S facility. Nuclear resonance fluorescence with 100% linearly polarized photon beams is used to measure spins, parities, branching ratios, and decay widths of excited states in ${}^{206}$Pb from $4.9$ to $8.1$MeV. The extracted $\Sigma$$B$(E1)$\uparrow$ and $\Sigma$$B$(M1)$\uparrow$ values for the total electric and magnetic dipole strength below the neutron separation energy are 0.9$\pm$0.2e${}^2$fm${}^2$ and 8.3$\pm$2.0${\mu }_N^2$, respectively. These measurements are found to be in very good agreement with the predictions from an energy-density functional (EDF) plus quasiparticle phonon model (QPM). Such a detailed theoretical analysis allows to separate the pygmy dipole resonance from both the tail of the giant dipole resonance and multi-phonon excitations. Combined with earlier photonuclear experiments above the neutron separation energy, one extracts a value for the electric dipole polarizability of ${}^{206}$Pb of ${\alpha }_D=122\pm 10$mb/MeV. When compared to predictions from both the EDF+QPM and accurately calibrated relativistic EDFs, one deduces a range for the neutron-skin thickness of $R_{\mathrm{skin}}^{206}=0.12$-$0.19$fm and a corresponding range for the slope of the symmetry energy of $L=48$-$60$MeV. This newly obtained information is also used to estimate the Maxwellian-averaged radiative cross section ${}^{205}$Pb(n,$\gamma$)${}^{206}$Pb at 30keV to be $\sigma =130\pm 25$mb. The astrophysical impact of this measurement--on both the s-process in stellar nucleosynthesis and on the equation of state of neutron-rich matter--is discussed.

arXiv comment8 pages and 4 figures. Manuscript accepted for publication in Physics Letters B

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