Generation of Flying Electromagnetic Donuts

Abstract

Transverse electromagnetic plane waves are fundamental solutions of Maxwell's equations. It is less known that a radically different type of solutions has been described theoretically, but has never been realized experimentally, that exist only in the form of short burst of electromagnetic energy propagating in free-space at the speed of light. They are distinguished from transverse waves by a donut-like configuration of electric and magnetic fields with a strong field component along the propagation direction. Here, we report that such 'Flying Donuts' can be generated from conventional pulses using a singular metamaterial converter designed to manipulate both the spatial and spectral structure of the input pulse. The ability to generate Flying Donuts is of fundamental interest, as they shall interact with matter in unique ways, including non-trivial field transformations upon reflection from interfaces and the excitation of toroidal response and anapole modes in matter, thus offering new opportunities for telecommunications, sensing, and spectroscopy.

8 pages, 4 figures

References in corpus (2)

• Wavevector Selective Metasurfaces and Tunnel Vision Filters
• Focused electromagnetic doughnut pulses and their interaction with interfaces and nanostructures

Cited by in corpus (9)

• Supertoroidal light pulses: Propagating electromagnetic skyrmions in free space
• Observation of Toroidal Pulses of Light
• Nonseparable states of light: From quantum to classical
• Measures of space-time non-separability of electromagnetic pulses
• The Application of Tailored Fields for Studying Chirality and Symmetry
• Energy backflow in unidirectional spatiotemporally localized wavepackets
• Flying doughnut terahertz pulses generated from semiconductor currents
• Spatio-temporal characterization of ultrashort vector pulses
• Building blocks for space-time non-separable pulses