Quantum entanglement in strong-field ionization

Abstract

We investigate the time-evolution of quantum entanglement between an electron, liberated by a strong few-cycle laser pulse, and its parent ion-core. Since the standard procedure is numerically prohibitive in this case, we propose a novel way to quantify the quantum correlation in such a system: we use the reduced density matrices of the directional subspaces along the polarization of the laser pulse and along the transverse directions as building blocks for an approximate entanglement entropy. We present our results, based on accurate numerical simulations, in terms of several of these entropies, for selected values of the peak electric field strength and the carrier-envelope phase difference of the laser pulse. The time evolution of the mutual entropy of the electron and the ion-core motion along the direction of the laser polarization is similar to our earlier results based on a simple one-dimensional model. However, taking into account also the dynamics perpendicular to the laser polarization reveals a surprisingly different entanglement dynamics above the laser intensity range corresponding to pure tunneling: the quantum entanglement decreases with time in the over-the-barrier ionization regime.

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• Improved one-dimensional model potentials for strong-field simulations
• Generation of entanglement using a short-wavelength seeded free-electron laser
• Density-based one-dimensional model potentials for strong-field simulations in $\text{He}$, ${\text{H}}_2^{+}$ and ${\text{H}}_2$
• One-dimensional model potentials optimized for the calculation of the HHG spectrum
• Parametric model for high-order harmonic generation with quantized fields
• Entropy-based view of the strong field ionization process
• Unravelling inter-channel quantum interference in below-threshold nonsequential double ionization with statistical measures