Perturbation theory for cosmologies with non-linear structure

Abstract

The next generation of cosmological surveys will operate over unprecedented scales, and will therefore provide exciting new opportunities for testing general relativity. The standard method for modelling the structures that these surveys will observe is to use cosmological perturbation theory for linear structures on horizon-sized scales, and Newtonian gravity for non-linear structures on much smaller scales. We propose a two-parameter formalism that generalizes this approach, thereby allowing interactions between large and small scales to be studied in a self-consistent and well-defined way. This uses both post-Newtonian gravity and cosmological perturbation theory, and can be used to model realistic cosmological scenarios including matter, radiation and a cosmological constant. We find that the resulting field equations can be written as a hierarchical set of perturbation equations. At leading-order, these equations allow us to recover a standard set of Friedmann equations, as well as a Newton-Poisson equation for the inhomogeneous part of the Newtonian energy density in an expanding background. For the perturbations in the large-scale cosmology, however, we find that the field equations are sourced by both non-linear and mode-mixing terms, due to the existence of small-scale structures. These extra terms should be expected to give rise to new gravitational effects, through the mixing of gravitational modes on small and large scales - effects that are beyond the scope of standard linear cosmological perturbation theory. We expect our formalism to be useful for accurately modelling gravitational physics in universes that contain non-linear structures, and for investigating the effects of non-linear gravity in the era of ultra-large-scale surveys.

"21 pages, 2 appendices. Equations (29) and (80) have been corrected from the published version."

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Cited by in corpus (10)

• General relativistic weak-field limit and Newtonian N-body simulations
• Viable Gauge Choices in Cosmologies with Non-Linear Structures
• Parametrizing theories of gravity on large and small scales in cosmology
• General Relativistic Cosmological N-body Simulations I: time integration
• Relativistic Euler Equations in cosmologies with non-linear structures
• Multi-Scale Perturbation Theory I: Methodology and Leading-Order Bispectrum Corrections in the Matter-Dominated Era
• The momentum constraint equation in Parameterised Post-Newtonian Cosmology
• A Relativistic Interpretation of Bias in Newtonian Simulations
• Multi-Scale Perturbation Theory II: Solutions and Leading-Order Bispectrum in the $\Lambda$CDM Universe
• Second-order dust perturbations of the non-flat FLRW model with the positive cosmological constant