Continuum limits of pluri-Lagrangian systems

Abstract

A pluri-Lagrangian (or Lagrangian multiform) structure is an attribute of integrability that has mainly been studied in the context of multidimensionally consistent lattice equations. It unifies multidimensional consistency with the variational character of the equations. An analogous continuous structure exists for integrable hierarchies of differential equations. We present a continuum limit procedure for pluri-Lagrangian systems. In this procedure the lattice parameters are interpreted as Miwa variables, describing a particular embedding in continuous multi-time of the mesh on which the discrete system lives. Then we seek differential equations whose solutions interpolate the embedded discrete solutions. The continuous systems found this way are hierarchies of differential equations. We show that this continuum limit can also be applied to the corresponding pluri-Lagrangian structures. We apply our method to the discrete Toda lattice and to equations H1 and Q1${}_{\delta =0}$ from the ABS list.

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Cited by in corpus (10)

• Variational symmetries and Lagrangian multiforms
• Variational symmetries and pluri-Lagrangian structures for integrable hierarchies of PDEs
• Multiform description of the AKNS hierarchy and classical r-matrix
• Classical Yang-Baxter equation, Lagrangian multiforms and ultralocal integrable hierarchies
• A variational perspective on continuum limits of ABS and lattice GD equations
• Hamiltonian multiform description of an integrable hierarchy
• Lagrangian multiforms on coadjoint orbits for finite-dimensional integrable systems
• Hamiltonian structures for integrable hierarchies of Lagrangian PDEs
• Semi-discrete Lagrangian 2-forms and the Toda hierarchy
• Quantum integrability: Lagrangian 1-form case