A Garden of Eden theorem for principal algebraic actions

Abstract

Let $\Gamma$ be a countable abelian group and $f\in \mathbb{Z}[\Gamma ]$, where $\mathbb{Z}[\Gamma ]$ denotes the integral group ring of $\Gamma$. Consider the Pontryagin dual $X_f$ of the cyclic $\mathbb{Z}[\Gamma ]$-module $\mathbb{Z}[\Gamma ]/\mathbb{Z}[\Gamma ]f$ and suppose that the natural action of $\Gamma$ on $X_f$ is expansive and that $X_f$ is connected. We prove that if $\tau :X_f\to X_f$ is a $\Gamma$-equivariant continuous map, then $\tau$ is surjective if and only if the restriction of $\tau$ to each $\Gamma$-homoclinicity class is injective. This is an analogue of the classical Garden of Eden theorem of Moore and Myhill for cellular automata with finite alphabet over $\Gamma$.