Next-order asymptotic expansion for N-marginal optimal transport with Coulomb and Riesz costs

Abstract

Motivated by a problem arising from Density Functional Theory, we provide the sharp next-order asymptotics for a class of multimarginal optimal transport problems with cost given by singular, long-range pairwise interaction potentials. More precisely, we consider an $N$-marginal optimal transport problem with $N$ equal marginals supported on ${\mathbb{R}}^d$ and with cost of the form ${\sum }_{i\ne j}|x_i-x_j{|}^{-s}$. In this setting we determine the second-order term in the $N\to \infty$ asymptotic expansion of the minimum energy, for the long-range interactions corresponding to all exponents $0<s<d$. We also prove a small oscillations property for this second-order energy term. Our results can be extended to a larger class of models than power-law-type radial costs, such as non-rotationally-invariant costs. The key ingredient and main novelty in our proofs is a robust extension and simplification of the Fefferman-Gregg decomposition (Fefferman 1985, Gregg 1989), extended here to our class of kernels, and which provides a unified method valid across our full range of exponents. Our first result generalizes a recent work of Lewin, Lieb and Seiringer (2017), who dealt with the second-order term for the Coulomb case $s=1,d=3$, by different methods.

arXiv comment65 pages; revised version to appear in "Advances in Mathematics"