Stationary states in the many-particle description of Bose-Einstein condensates with balanced gain and loss

Abstract

Bose-Einstein condensates with balanced gain and loss can support stationary states despite the exchange of particles with the environment. In the mean-field approximation this is described by the PT-symmetric Gross-Pitaevskii equation with real eigenvalues. In this work we study the role of stationary states in the appropriate many-particle description. It is shown that without particle interaction there exist two non-oscillating trajectories which can be interpreted as the many-particle equivalent of the stationary PT-symmetric mean-field states. Furthermore the system has a non-equilibrium steady state which acts as an attractor in the oscillating regime. This steady state is a pure condensate for strong gain and loss contributions if the interaction between the particles is sufficiently weak.

9 pages, 5 figures, additions in the text

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Cited by in corpus (5)

• Interaction effects on $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetry breaking transition in atomic gases
• Topological edge states in the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model subject to balanced particle gain and loss
• Stability and collisions of quantum droplets in PT -symmetric dual-core couplers
• Realization of balanced gain and loss in a time-dependent four-mode Bose-Hubbard model
• Purity oscillations in coupled Bose-Einstein condensates