Beyond Massive-MIMO: The Potential of Positioning with Large Intelligent Surfaces

Abstract

We consider the potential for positioning with a system where antenna arrays are deployed as a large intelligent surface (LIS), which is a newly proposed concept beyond massive-MIMO where future man-made structures are electronically active with integrated electronics and wireless communication making the entire environment \lq\lq{}intelligent\rq\rq{}. In a first step, we derive Fisher-information and Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) in closed-form for positioning a terminal located perpendicular to the center of the LIS, whose location we refer to as being on the central perpendicular line (CPL) of the LIS. For a terminal that is not on the CPL, closed-form expressions of the Fisher-information and CRLB seem out of reach, and we alternatively find approximations of them which are shown to be accurate. Under mild conditions, we show that the CRLB for all three Cartesian dimensions ($x$, $y$ and $z$) decreases quadratically in the surface-area of the LIS, except for a terminal exactly on the CPL where the CRLB for the $z$-dimension (distance from the LIS) decreases linearly in the same. In a second step, we analyze the CRLB for positioning when there is an unknown phase $\phi$ presented in the analog circuits of the LIS. We then show that the CRLBs are dramatically increased for all three dimensions but decrease in the third-order of the surface-area. Moreover, with an infinitely large LIS the CRLB for the $z$-dimension with an unknown $\phi$ is 6 dB higher than the case without phase uncertainty, and the CRLB for estimating $\phi$ converges to a constant that is independent of the wavelength $\lambda$. At last, we extensively discuss the impact of centralized and distributed deployments of LIS, and show that a distributed deployment of LIS can enlarge the coverage for terminal-positioning and improve the overall positioning performance.

Submitted to IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing on Apr. 2017; 30 pages; 13 figures

References in corpus (2)

• Beyond Massive-MIMO: The Potential of Data-Transmission with Large Intelligent Surfaces
• Cramér-Rao Lower Bounds for Positioning with Large Intelligent Surfaces

Cited by in corpus (55)

• Towards Smart Wireless Communications via Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces: A Contemporary Survey
• Edge Learning for B5G Networks with Distributed Signal Processing: Semantic Communication, Edge Computing, and Wireless Sensing
• A Survey of Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRSs): Towards 6G Wireless Communication Networks
• 6G White Paper on Localization and Sensing
• Location Sensing and Beamforming Design for IRS-Enabled Multi-User ISAC Systems
• Wireless Communications Through Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
• Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces and Metamaterials: The Potential of Wave Propagation Control for 6G Wireless Communications
• Massive MIMO is a Reality -- What is Next? Five Promising Research Directions for Antenna Arrays
• RIS-Enabled SISO Localization under User Mobility and Spatial-Wideband Effects
• Beyond 5G Wireless Localization with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
• Smart Radio Environments Empowered by AI Reconfigurable Meta-Surfaces: An Idea Whose Time Has Come
• Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-Enabled Vehicular Networks: A Physical Layer Security Perspective
• PAPIR: Practical RIS-aided Localization via Statistical User Information
• Cramér-Rao Bounds for Holographic Positioning
• Performance Analysis of Active Large Intelligent Surfaces (LISs): Uplink Spectral Efficiency and Pilot Training
• Radio Localization and Mapping with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
• Cramér-Rao Bounds of Near-Field Positioning Based on Electromagnetic Propagation Model
• Channel Estimation for RIS-Aided mmWave MIMO Channels
• MIMO Assisted Networks Relying on Intelligent Reflective Surfaces
• Indoor Signal Focusing with Deep Learning Designed Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
• Revisiting XL-MIMO Channel Estimation: When Dual-Wideband Effects Meet Near Field
• An Efficient CSI Acquisition Method for Intelligent Reflecting Surface-assisted mmWave Networks
• User Subgrouping and Power Control for Multicast Massive MIMO over Spatially Correlated Channels
• Communicating with Extremely Large-Scale Array/Surface: Unified Modelling and Performance Analysis
• Holographic MIMO Communications exploiting the Orbital Angular Momentum
• Towards Massive MIMO 2.0: Understanding spatial correlation, interference suppression, and pilot contamination
• Channel Estimation for RIS-Aided mmWave MIMO Systems via Atomic Norm Minimization
• Utility-Based Precoding Optimization Framework for Large Intelligent Surfaces
• MetaLocalization: Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Multi-user Wireless Indoor Localization
• Deep Learning Based Spatial User Mapping on Extra Large MIMO Arrays
• Hybrid Relay-Reflecting Intelligent Surface-Assisted Wireless Communication
• Joint Location and Communication Study for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Wireless Communication System
• Adaptive Beamforming Design for mmWave RIS-Aided Joint Localization and Communication
• Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface: Design the Channel -- a New Opportunity for Future Wireless Networks
• Near-field Tracking with Large Antenna Arrays: Fundamental Limits and Practical Algorithms
• Large Intelligent Surface for Positioning in Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems
• Integrated Communication and Localization in mmWave Systems
• Extremely Large Aperture Massive MIMO: Low Complexity Receiver Architectures
• Identification of RIS-Assisted Paths for Wireless Integrated Sensing and Communication
• Towards Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Powered Green Wireless Networks
• Parallel Factor Decomposition Channel Estimation in RIS-Assisted Multi-User MISO Communication
• Towards Large Intelligent Surface (LIS)-based Communications
• Location Information Assisted Beamforming Design for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Communication Systems
• Joint Channel Estimation and Signal Recovery in RIS-Assisted Multi-User MISO Communications
• Distributed and Scalable Uplink Processing for LIS: Algorithm, Architecture, and Design Trade-offs
• Using Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for UE Positioning in mmWave MIMO Systems
• RIS-aided Joint Localization and Synchronization with a Single-Antenna Receiver: Beamforming Design and Low-Complexity Estimation
• Processing Distribution and Architecture Tradeoff for Large Intelligent Surface Implementation
• RISMA: Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Enabling Beamforming for IoT Massive Access
• On Ergodic Capacity and Optimal Number of Tiers in UAV-Assisted Communication Systems
• Spherical Large Intelligent Surfaces
• A Promising Technology for 6G Wireless Networks: Intelligent Reflecting Surface
• Large intelligent surface (LIS)-based communications: New features and system layouts
• A Novel Transmission Policy for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Wireless Powered Sensor Networks
• Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Grant-Free Access for Uplink URLLC