Jet-torus connection in radio galaxies: Relativistic hydrodynamics and synthetic emission

Abstract

High-resolution Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry observations of active galactic nuclei have revealed asymmetric structures in the jets of radio galaxies. These asymmetric structures may be due to internal asymmetries in the jet, could be induced by the different conditions in the surrounding ambient medium including the obscuring torus, or a combination of the two. In this paper we investigate the influence of the ambient medium (including the obscuring torus) on the observed properties of jets from radio galaxies. We performed special-relativistic hydrodynamic (RHD) simulations of over-pressured and pressure-matched jets using the special-relativistic hydrodynamics code \texttt{Ratpenat}, which is based on a second-order accurate finite-volume method and an approximate Riemann solver. Using a newly developed emission code to compute the electromagnetic emission, we have investigated the influence of different ambient medium and torus configurations on the jet structure and subsequently computed the non-thermal emission produced by the jet and the thermal absorption due to the torus. To better compare the emission simulations with observations we produced synthetic radio maps, taking into account the properties of the observatory. The detailed analysis of our simulations shows that the observed asymmetries can be produced by the interaction of the jet with the ambient medium and by the absorption properties of the obscuring torus.

arXiv comment14 pages, 17 figures, submitted to A&A

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• The Two-sided Jet Structures of NGC 1052 at Scales from 300 to $4\times 10^7$ Schwarzschild Radii
• Beyond moments: relativistic Lattice-Boltzmann methods for radiative transport in computational astrophysics
• Collimation of the relativistic jet in the quasar 3C 273
• Black hole parameter estimation with synthetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry data from the ground and from space
• The MURALES survey. IV. Searching for nuclear outflows in 3C radio galaxies at z < 0.3 with MUSE observations
• Using evolutionary algorithms to model relativistic jets: Application to NGC 1052
• Ambilateral collimation study of the twin-jets in NGC1052
• PRAiSE: Resolved spectral evolution in simulated radio sources
• Flux variability from ejectas in structured relativistic jets with large-scale magnetic fields
• Properties of the Obscuring Torus in NGC 1052 from Multi-epoch Broadband X-ray Spectroscopy
• Sub-milliarcsecond imaging of a bright flare and ejection event in the extragalactic jet 3C 111
• Millimeter VLBI constraints on the central magnetic field and symmetric jet production in the twin-jet galaxy NGC 1052