Spectra and physical properties of Taurid meteoroids

Abstract

Taurids are an extensive stream of particles produced by comet 2P/Encke, which can be observed mainly in October and November as a series of meteor showers rich in bright fireballs. Several near-Earth asteroids have also been linked with the meteoroid complex, and recently the orbits of two carbonaceous meteorites were proposed to be related to the stream, raising interesting questions about the origin of the complex and the composition of 2P/Encke. Our aim is to investigate the nature and diversity of Taurid meteoroids by studying their spectral, orbital, and physical properties determined from video meteor observations. Here we analyze 33 Taurid meteor spectra captured during the predicted outburst in November 2015 by stations in Slovakia and Chile, including 14 multi-station observations for which the orbital elements, material strength parameters, dynamic pressures, and mineralogical densities were determined. It was found that while orbits of the 2015 Taurids show similarities with several associated asteroids, the obtained spectral and physical characteristics point towards cometary origin with highly heterogeneous content. Observed spectra exhibited large dispersion of iron content and significant Na intensity in all cases. The determined material strengths are typically cometary in the $K_B$ classification, while $P_E$ criterion is on average close to values characteristic for carbonaceous bodies. The studied meteoroids were found to break up under low dynamic pressures of 0.02 - 0.10 MPa, and were characterized by low mineralogical densities of 1.3 - 2.5 g cm${}^{-3}$. The widest spectral classification of Taurid meteors to date is presented.

References in corpus (4)

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• Spectral properties of the largest asteroids associated with Taurid Complex
• 2P/Encke, the Taurid complex NEOs and the Maribo and Sutter's Mill meteorites
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Cited by in corpus (14)

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• Characterization of the June epsilon Ophiuchids meteoroid stream and the comet 300P/Catalina
• An observational synthesis of the Taurid meteor complex
• Hydrogen emission from meteors and meteorites: mapping traces of H${}_2$O molecules and organic compounds in small Solar system bodies
• Taurid Complex Smoking Gun: Detection of Cometary Activity
• Comparing the dynamics of Jupiter-family Comets and comet-like fireballs
• Asteroid-Meteoroid Complexes
• PyNAPLE: Lunar Surface Impact Crater Detection
• Meteors: Light from Comets and Asteroids