Static non-reciprocity in mechanical metamaterials

Abstract

Reciprocity is a fundamental principle governing various physical systems, which ensures that the transfer function between any two points in space is identical, regardless of geometrical or material asymmetries. Breaking this transmission symmetry offers enhanced control over signal transport, isolation and source protection. So far, devices that break reciprocity have been mostly considered in dynamic systems, for electromagnetic, acoustic and mechanical wave propagation associated with spatio-temporal variations. Here we show that it is possible to strongly break reciprocity in static systems, realizing mechanical metamaterials that, by combining large nonlinearities with suitable geometrical asymmetries, and possibly topological features, exhibit vastly different output displacements under excitation from different sides, as well as one-way displacement amplification. In addition to extending non-reciprocity and isolation to statics, our work sheds new light on the understanding of energy propagation in non-linear materials with asymmetric crystalline structures and topological properties, opening avenues for energy absorption, conversion and harvesting, soft robotics, prosthetics and optomechanics.

19 pages, 3 figures, Supplementary information (11 pages and 5 figures)

References in corpus (5)

• Observation of phononic helical edge states in a mechanical 'topological insulator'
• Programmable Mechanical Metamaterials
• Combinatorial Design of Textured Mechanical Metamaterials
• Topological modes bound to dislocations in mechanical metamaterials
• Nonlinear conduction via solitons in a topological mechanical insulator

Cited by in corpus (62)

• Non-Hermitian Physics
• Non-reciprocal phase transitions
• Observation of non-Hermitian topology and its bulk-edge correspondence in an active mechanical metamaterial
• Non-reciprocal robotic metamaterials
• Odd elasticity
• Artificial gauge fields in materials and engineered systems
• Multi-step self-guided pathways for shape-changing metamaterials
• Tunable non-reciprocal quantum transport through a dissipative Aharonov-Bohm ring in ultracold atoms
• Nonreciprocal Phonon Laser
• Realization of active metamaterials with odd micropolar elasticity
• A characteristic lengthscale causes anomalous size effects and boundary programmability in mechanical metamaterials
• Willis metamaterial on a structured beam
• Dynamics and topology of non-Hermitian elastic lattices with non-local feedback control interactions
• Programming nonreciprocity and reversibility in multistable mechanical metamaterials
• Topological nodal states in circuit lattice
• Manipulating the flow of thermal noise in quantum devices
• Viscoelastic Metamaterials
• Limit cycles turn active matter into robots
• Universal competitive spectral scaling from the critical non-Hermitian skin effect
• Nonreciprocal phonon blockade
• Switchable phonon diodes using nonlinear topological Maxwell lattices
• Anomalous snapping behavior in asymmetrically constrained elastic strips
• Non-Hermitian Squeezed Polarons
• Breaking Lorentz reciprocity with frequency conversion and delay
• The Extreme Mechanics of Viscoelastic Metamaterials
• Nonreciprocal Elasticity
• On the wave dispersion and non-reciprocal power flow in space-time traveling acoustic metamaterials
• Autonomous actuation of zero modes in mechanical networks far from equilibrium
• Localizing softness and stress along loops in three-dimensional topological metamaterials
• Achieving adjustable elasticity with non-affine to affine transition
• 3D metamaterial with stiffness and Poisson's ratio approaching negative infinity
• Simple views on symmetries and dualities in the theory of elasticity
• Topological elasticity of flexible structures
• Deformation-induced topological transitions in mechanical metamaterials and their application to tunable non-linear stiffening
• Nonreciprocal transmission of sound in viscous fluid with asymmetric scatterers
• Full Electrostatic Control of Nanomechanical Buckling
• Topological elasticity of non-orientable ribbons
• Injection-locked phonon lasing driven by an individual plasmonic metamolecule
• Rectification in Nonequilibrium Steady States of Open Many-Body Systems
• Origin and localization of topological band gaps in gyroscopic metamaterials
• A jigsaw puzzle metamaterial concept
• Mechanics of a snap-fit
• Topologically Protected Steady Cycles in an Ice-Like Mechanical Metamaterial
• Circumventing Magnetic Reciprocity: a Diode for Magnetic Fields
• Controlling the Deformation of Metamaterials: Corner Modes via Topology
• Fully-Polarized Topological Isostatic Metamaterials in Three Dimensions
• Coexistence of stable and unstable population dynamics in a nonlinear non-Hermitian mechanical dimer
• Non-reciprocal interactions spatially propagate fluctuations in a 2D Ising model
• Dynamics in non-Hermitian systems with nonreciprocal coupling
• Scattering theory from artificial piezoelectric-like meta-atoms and molecules
• Free and forced wave propagation in beam lattice metamaterials with viscoelastic resonators
• Mechanical non-reciprocity programmed by shear jamming in soft composite solids
• Combinatorial Design of Floppy Modes and Frustrated Loops in Metamaterials
• Design of Large Sequential Conformational Change in Mechanical Networks
• Topological Mechanics of Micromorphic Metamaterials
• Intrinsic Rippling Enhances Static Non-Reciprocity in Graphene Metamaterials
• Noise-induced nonreciprocal topological dissipative solitons in directionally coupled chains and lattices
• Deformation characteristics and mechanical properties of a non-rigid square-twist origami structure with rotational symmetry
• Auxetic behavior on demand: a three steps recipe for new designs
• Advances in Synthetic Gauge Fields for Light Through Dynamic Modulation
• When soft crystals defy Newton's third law: Non-reciprocal mechanics and dislocation motility
• Mechanical activity and odd elasticity of passive, 2D chiral metamaterials