Nambu identity and collective modes in superconductors and superfluid ${}^3$He

Abstract

Collective modes manifest themselves in a variety of different physical systems ranging from superconductors to superfluid ${}^3$He. The collective modes are generated via the Higgs-Anderson mechanism that is based on the symmetry breaking double well potential. Recently collective modes were explored in superconducting NbN and InO in the presence of a strong terahertz laser field. In both cases a single collective mode that oscillates with twice the frequency of the superconducting energy gap $\Delta$ was discovered. Superfluid ${}^3$He is the host for a whole variety of collective modes. In particular, in the superfluid ${}^3$He B-phase, two massive collective modes were found with masses $\sqrt{8/5}\Delta$ and $\sqrt{12/5}\Delta$. We show that for both cases of the superconducting films and for the superfluid ${}^3$He B-phase, the collective modes satisfy the Nambu identity that relates the masses of different collective modes to the energy gap parameter $\Delta$.

References in corpus (3)

• Observation of a new particle in the search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
• Observation of a new boson at a mass of 125 GeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC
• The Higgs Mode in Disordered Superconductors Close to a Quantum Phase Transition

Cited by in corpus (1)

• Fermi points and the Nambu sum rule in the polar phase of ${}^3$He