Virtual refinements of the Vafa-Witten formula

Abstract

We conjecture a formula for the generating function of virtual ${\chi }_y$-genera of moduli spaces of rank 2 sheaves on arbitrary surfaces with holomorphic 2-form. Specializing the conjecture to minimal surfaces of general type and to virtual Euler characteristics, we recover (part of) a formula of C. Vafa and E. Witten. These virtual ${\chi }_y$-genera can be written in terms of descendent Donaldson invariants. Using T. Mochizuki's formula, the latter can be expressed in terms of Seiberg-Witten invariants and certain explicit integrals over Hilbert schemes of points. These integrals are governed by seven universal functions, which are determined by their values on ${\mathbb{P}}^2$ and ${\mathbb{P}}^1\times {\mathbb{P}}^1$. Using localization we calculate these functions up to some order, which allows us to check our conjecture in many cases. In an appendix by H. Nakajima and the first named author, the virtual Euler characteristic specialization of our conjecture is extended to include $\mu$-classes, thereby interpolating between Vafa-Witten's formula and Witten's conjecture for Donaldson invariants.

44 pages. Published version. Appendix C by first named author and H. Nakajima

References in corpus (4)

• Vafa-Witten invariants for projective surfaces I: stable case
• Vafa-Witten invariants for projective surfaces II: semistable case
• A rank 2 Dijkgraaf-Moore-Verlinde-Verlinde formula
• Poincare invariants

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• Virtual Segre and Verlinde numbers of projective surfaces
• Degeneracy loci, virtual cycles and nested Hilbert schemes II
• Verlinde formulae on complex surfaces: K-theoretic invariants
• AGT relations for sheaves on surfaces
• Twisted sheaves and $\mathrm{SU}(r)/{\mathbb{Z}}_r$ Vafa-Witten theory
• Virtual ${\chi }_{-y}$-genera of Quot schemes on surfaces
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• A blowup formula for virtual enumerative invariants on projective surfaces
• The Vafa-Witten invariants via surface Deligne-Mumford stacks and S-duality