Glauber's Ising chain between two thermostats

Abstract

We consider a one-dimensional Ising model each of whose $N$ spins is in contact with two thermostats of distinct temperatures $T_1$ and $T_2$. Under Glauber dynamics the stationary state happens to coincide with the equilibrium state at an effective intermediate temperature $T(T_1,T_2)$. The system nevertheless carries a nontrivial energy current between the thermostats. By means of the fermionization technique, for a chain initially in equilibrium at an arbitrary temperature $T_0$ we calculate the Fourier transform of the probability $P(\mathcal{Q};\tau )$ for the time-integrated energy current $\mathcal{Q}$ during a finite time interval $\tau$. In the long time limit we determine the corresponding generating function for the cumulants per site and unit of time $⟨{\mathcal{Q}}^n{⟩}_{\mathrm{c}}/(N\tau )$ and explicitly give those with $n=1,2,3,4.$ We exhibit various phenomena in specific regimes: kinetic mean-field effects when one thermostat flips any spin less often than the other one, as well as dissipation towards a thermostat at zero temperature. Moreover, when the system size $N$ goes to infinity while the effective temperature $T$ vanishes, the cumulants of $\mathcal{Q}$ per unit of time grow linearly with $N$ and are equal to those of a random walk process. In two adequate scaling regimes involving $T$ and $N$ we exhibit the dependence of the first correction upon the ratio of the spin-spin correlation length $\xi (T)$ and the size $N$.

43 pages

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