Optimal experimental demonstration of error-tolerant quantum witnesses

Abstract

Testing quantum theory on macroscopic scales is a longstanding challenge that might help to revolutionise physics. For example, laboratory tests (such as those anticipated in nanomechanical or biological systems) may look to rule out macroscopic realism: the idea that the properties of macroscopic objects exist objectively and can be non-invasively measured. Such investigations are likely to suffer from i) stringent experimental requirements, ii) marginal statistical significance and iii) logical loopholes. We address all of these problems by refining two tests of macroscopic realism, or `quantum witnesses', and implementing them in a microscopic test on a photonic qubit and qutrit. The first witness heralds the invasiveness of a blind measurement; its maximum violation has been shown to grow with the dimensionality of the system under study. The second witness heralds the invasiveness of a generic quantum operation, and can achieve its maximum violation in any dimension -- it therefore allows for the highest quantum signal-to-noise ratio and most significant refutation of the classical point of view.

8pp, 3 figs

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Cited by in corpus (7)

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• Validating and controlling quantum enhancement against noise by motion of a qubit
• Leggett-Garg tests of macrorealism: checks for non-invasiveness and generalizations to higher-order correlators
• Strict experimental test of macroscopic realism in a light-matter-interfaced system
• Reality, Causality, and Quantum Theory
• Probability vector representation of the Schrödinger equation and Leggett-Garg-type experiments
• Leggett-Garg inequalities with deformed Pegg-Barnett phase observables