Reentrant Phase Coherence in Superconducting Nanowire Composites

Abstract

The short coherence lengths characteristic of low-dimensional superconductors are associated with usefully high critical fields or temperatures. Unfortunately, such materials are often sensitive to disorder and suffer from phase fluctuations in the superconducting order parameter which diverge with temperature $T$, magnetic field $H$ or current $I$. We propose an approach to overcome synthesis and fluctuation problems: building superconductors from inhomogeneous composites of nanofilaments. Macroscopic crystals of quasi-one-dimensional Na${}_{2-\delta }$Mo${}_6$Se${}_6$ featuring Na vacancy disorder ($\delta \approx$~0.2) are shown to behave as percolative networks of superconducting nanowires. Long range order is established via transverse coupling between individual one-dimensional filaments, yet phase coherence remains unstable to fluctuations and localization in the zero-($T$,$H$,$I$) limit. However, a region of reentrant phase coherence develops upon raising ($T$,$H$,$I$). We attribute this phenomenon to an enhancement of the transverse coupling due to electron delocalization. Our observations of reentrant phase coherence coincide with a peak in the Josephson energy $E_J$ at non-zero ($T$,$H$,$I$), which we estimate using a simple analytical model for a disordered anisotropic superconductor. Na${}_{2-\delta }$Mo${}_6$Se${}_6$ is therefore a blueprint for a future generation of nanofilamentary superconductors with inbuilt resilience to phase fluctuations at elevated ($T$,$H$,$I$).

arXiv comment40 pages including Supporting Information, 5 figures. This document is the unedited Author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in ACS Nano, copyright ©American Chemical Society after peer review

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