Minimalist approach to the classification of symmetry protected topological phases

Abstract

A number of proposals with differing predictions (e.g. Borel group cohomology, oriented cobordism, group supercohomology, spin cobordism, etc.) have been made for the classification of symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases. Here we treat various proposals on an equal footing and present rigorous, general results that are independent of which proposal is correct. We do so by formulating a minimalist Generalized Cohomology Hypothesis, which is satisfied by existing proposals and captures essential aspects of SPT classification. From this Hypothesis alone, formulas relating classifications in different dimensions and/or protected by different symmetry groups are derived. Our formalism is expected to work for fermionic as well as bosonic phases, Floquet as well as stationary phases, and spatial as well as on-site symmetries. As an application, we predict that the complete classification of 3-dimensional bosonic SPT phases with space group symmetry $G$ is $H_{\mathrm{Borel}}^4\left(G;U(1)\right)\oplus H_{\mathrm{group}}^1\left(G;\mathbb{Z}\right)$, where the $H^1$ term classifies phases beyond the Borel group cohomology proposal.

Close-to-publication version. Changes: realizability by local Hamiltonians (sec. 6.6), application to beyond-cohomology crystalline SPT phases (sec. 8), detailed arguments for Omega-spectrum (sec. 6.5 & app. B), mathematical theorems moved to appendices

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