Uniform infinite half-planar quadrangulations with skewness

Abstract

We introduce a one-parameter family of random infinite quadrangulations of the half-plane, which we call the uniform infinite half-planar quadrangulations with skewness (UIHPQ${}_p$ for short, with $p\in [0,1/2]$ measuring the skewness). They interpolate between Kesten's tree corresponding to $p=0$ and the usual UIHPQ with a general boundary corresponding to $p=1/2$. As we make precise, these models arise as local limits of uniform quadrangulations with a boundary when their volume and perimeter grow in a properly fine-tuned way, and they represent all local limits of (sub)critical Boltzmann quadrangulations whose perimeter tend to infinity. Our main result shows that the family (UIHPQ${}_p$)${}_p$ approximates the Brownian half-planes BHP${}_{\theta }$, $\theta \ge 0$, recently introduced in Baur, Miermont, and Ray (2016). For $p<1/2$, we give a description of the UIHPQ${}_p$ in terms of a looptree associated to a critical two-type Galton-Watson tree conditioned to survive.

49 pages, 10 figures