Stacking machine learning classifiers to identify Higgs bosons at the LHC

Abstract

Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been employed in the problem of classifying signal and background events with high accuracy in particle physics. In this paper, we compare the performance of a widespread ML technique, namely, \emph{stacked generalization}, against the results of two state-of-art algorithms: (1) a deep neural network (DNN) in the task of discovering a new neutral Higgs boson and (2) a scalable machine learning system for tree boosting, in the Standard Model Higgs to tau leptons channel, both at the 8 TeV LHC. In a cut-and-count analysis, \emph{stacking} three algorithms performed around 16\% worse than DNN but demanding far less computation efforts, however, the same \emph{stacking} outperforms boosted decision trees. Using the stacked classifiers in a multivariate statistical analysis (MVA), on the other hand, significantly enhances the statistical significance compared to cut-and-count in both Higgs processes, suggesting that combining an ensemble of simpler and faster ML algorithms with MVA tools is a better approach than building a complex state-of-art algorithm for cut-and-count.

20 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables. Version published in the Journal of Instrumentation

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