Local entropy of a nonequilibrium fermion system
arXiv:1611.07546 · doi:10.1063/1.4975810
Abstract
The local entropy of a nonequilibrium system of independent fermions is investigated, and analyzed in the context of the laws of thermodynamics. It is shown that the local temperature and chemical potential can only be expressed in terms of derivatives of the local entropy for linear deviations from local equilibrium. The first law of thermodynamics is shown to lead to an inequality, not an equality, for the change in the local entropy as the nonequilibrium state of the system is changed. The maximum entropy principle (second law of thermodynamics) is proven: a nonequilibrium distribution has a local entropy less than or equal to a local equilibrium distribution satisfying the same constraints. It is shown that the local entropy of the system tends to zero when the local temperature tends to zero, consistent with the third law of thermodynamics.
arXiv comment7 pages, 5 figures
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- Local Temperatures Out of Equilibrium
- Quantum thermodynamics of nanoscale steady states far from equilibrium
- The third law of thermodynamics in open quantum systems
- Work Sum Rule for Open Quantum Systems
- Effect of quantum resonances on local temperature in nonequilibrium open systems
- Emergence of Fourier's law of heat transport in quantum electron systems
- Contact geometry and quantum thermodynamics of nanoscale steady states
- Thermodynamics of a Quantum Subsystem