Possible explanations for fine-tuning of the universe

Abstract

The Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism and the multi-local field theory are interesting and promising candidates for solving the naturalness problem in the universe. These theories are based on the different physical principles: The former assumes the micro-canonical partition function $\int \mathcal{D}\varphi {\prod }_i\delta (S_i^{}-I_i^{})$, and the latter assumes the partition function $\int \mathcal{D}\varphi \exp \left(i{S}_M^{}\right)$ where $S_M^{}$ is the multi-local action ${\sum }_i{c}_i^{}{S}_i^{}+{\sum }_{i,j}{c}_{i,j}^{}{S}_i^{}{S}_j^{}+\cdots$. Our main purpose is to show that they are equivalent in the sense that they predict the same fine-tuning mechanism. In order to clarify our argument, we first study (review) the similarity between the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism and statistical mechanics in detail, and show that the dynamical fine-tuning in the former picture can be understood completely in the same way as the determination of the temperature in the latter picture. Afterward, we discuss the multi-local theory and the equivalence between it and the the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism. Because the multi-local field theory can be obtained from physics at the Planck/String scale, this equivalence indicates that the micro-canonical picture can also originate in such physics. As a concrete example, we also review the IIB matrix model as an origin of the multi-local theory.

15 pages, 5 figures

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Cited by in corpus (2)

• Higgs Criticality beyond the Standard Model
• Hillclimbing saddle point inflation