The Weak Gravity Conjecture in three dimensions

Abstract

We study weakly coupled $U(1)$ theories in $Ad{S}_3$, their associated charged BTZ solutions, and their charged spectra. We find that modular invariance of the holographic dual two-dimensional CFT and compactness of the gauge group together imply the existence of charged operators with conformal dimension significantly below the black hole threshold. We regard this as a form of the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) in three dimensions. We also explore the constraints posed by modular invariance on a particular discrete ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ symmetry which arises in our discussion. In this case, modular invariance does not guarantee the existence of light ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$-charged states. We also highlight the differences between our discussion and the usual heuristic arguments for the WGC based on black hole remnants.

44 pages