An application of the symplectic argument to some Fermat-type Equations

Abstract

Let $p$ be a prime number. In the early 2000s, it was proved that the Fermat equations with coefficients \[3x^p + 8y^p + 21z^p =0\quad \text{ and } \quad 3x^p + 4y^p + 5z^p=0 \] do not admit non-trivial solutions for a set of exponents $p$ with Dirichlet density $1/4$ and $1/8$, respectively. In this note, using a recent criterion to decide if two elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$ with certain types of additive reduction at 2 have symplectically isomorphic $p$-torsion modules, we improve these densities to $3/8$.