Instanton-dyon Ensembles III: Exotic Quark Flavors

Abstract

"Exotic quarks" in the title refers to a modification of quark periodicity condition on the thermal circle by introduction of some phases -- known also as "flavor holonomies" -- different quark flavors. These phases provide a valuable tool, to be used for better understanding of deconfinement and chiral restoration phase transitions: by changing them one can dramatically modify both phase transitions. In the language of instanton constituents -- instanton-dyons or monopoles -- it has a very direct explanation: the interplay of flavor and color holonomies can switch topological zero modes between various dyon types. The model we will study in detail, the so called $Z_{N_c}$-symmetric QCD model with equal number of colors and flavors $N_c=N_f=2$ and special arrangement of flavor and color holonomies, ensure "most democratic" setting, in which each quark flavor and each dyon type are in one-to-one correspondence. The usual QCD has the opposite "most exclusive" arrangement: all quarks are antiperiodic and thus all zero modes fall on only one -- twisted or $L$ -- dyon type. As we show by ensemble simulation, deconfinement and chiral restoration phase transitions in these two models are dramatically different. In the usual QCD both are smooth crossovers: but in the case of $Z_2$-symmetric model deconfinement becomes strong first order transition, while chiral symmetry remains broken for all dyon densities studied. These results are in good correspondence with those from recent lattice simulations.

v2 has one fig added plus some editorial corrections

References in corpus (3)

• Confining ensemble of dyons
• The quarkynic phase and the Z_{Nc} symmetry
• Monopole condensation in two-flavour Adjoint QCD

Cited by in corpus (7)

• Polyakov loop modeling for hot QCD
• The topological objects near the chiral crossover transition in QCD
• The Instanton-Dyon Liquid Model V: Twisted Light Quarks
• Towards a semi-classical description of QCD vacuum around $T_c$
• Lectures on nonperturbative QCD ( Nonperturbative Topological Phenomena in QCD and Related Theories)
• Hadronic Correlation Functions in the Random Instanton-dyon Ensemble
• Chiral Symmetry Breaking and Confinement from an Interacting Ensemble of Instanton-dyons in Two-flavor Massless QCD