Stable photon orbits in stationary axisymmetric electrovacuum spacetimes

Abstract

We investigate the existence and phenomenology of stable photon orbits (SPOs) in stationary axisymmetric electrovacuum spacetimes in four dimensions. First, we review the classification of equatorial circular photon orbits on Kerr-Newman spacetimes in the charge-spin plane. Second, using a Hamiltonian formulation, we show that Reissner-Nordström di-holes (a family encompassing the Majumdar-Papapetrou and Weyl-Bach special cases) admit SPOs, in a certain parameter regime that we investigate. Third, we explore the transition from order to chaos for typical SPOs bounded within a toroidal region around a di-hole, via a selection of Poincaré sections. Finally, for general axisymmetric stationary spacetimes, we show that the Einstein-Maxwell field equations allow for the existence of SPOs in electrovacuum; but not in pure vacuum.

14 pages, 5 figures. Expanded version with two new figures and one appendix

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• Explicit symplectic integrators with adaptive time steps in curved spacetimes
• Null geodesics in extremal Kerr-Newman black holes
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• Gravitational slingshots around black holes in a binary
• Relativistic Einstein Rings of Reissner-Nordström metric Black Holes Nonminimally Coupled to Electrodynamics