Hierarchy spectrum of SM fermions: from top quark to electron neutrino

Abstract

In the SM gauge symmetries and fermion content of neutrinos, charged leptons and quarks, we study the effective four-fermion operators of Einstein-Cartan type and their contributions to the Schwinger-Dyson equations of fermion self-energy functions. The study is motivated by the speculation that these four-fermion operators are probably originated due to the quantum gravity that provides the natural regularization for chiral-symmetric gauge field theories. In the chiral-gauge symmetry breaking phase, as to achieve the energetically favorable ground state, only the top-quark mass is generated via the spontaneous symmetry breaking, and other fermion masses are generated via the explicit symmetry breaking induced by the top-quark mass, four-fermion interactions and fermion-flavor mixing matrices. A phase transition from the symmetry breaking phase to the chiral-gauge symmetric phase at TeV scale occurs and the drastically fine-tuning problem can be resolved. In the infrared fixed-point domain of the four-fermion coupling for the SM at low energies, we qualitatively obtain the hierarchy patterns of the SM fermion Dirac masses, Yukawa couplings and family-flavor mixing matrices with three additional right-handed neutrinos ${\nu }_R^f$. Large Majorana masses and lepton-symmetry breaking are originated by the four-fermion interactions among ${\nu }_R^f$ and their left-handed conjugated fields ${\nu }_R^{fc}$. Light masses of gauged Majorana neutrinos in the normal hierarchy ($10^{-5}-10^{-2}$ eV) are obtained consistently with neutrino oscillations. We present some discussions on the composite Higgs phenomenology and forward-backward asymmetry of $t\bar{t}$-production, as well as remarks on the candidates of light and heavy dark matter particles (fermions, scalar and pseudoscalar bosons).

In this article, the study of the third fermion family (arXiv1506.05994 PRD93, 073001 (2016)) is generalized to the three fermion families. This is an updated version 52 pages, 8 Figures and 2 tables

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• Phenomenology at the LHC of composite particles from strongly interacting Standard Model fermions via four-fermion operators of NJL type
• Cosmic Birefringence as a probe of dark matter nature: Sterile neutrino and dipolar dark matter
• Searching for exclusive leptoquarks with the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio composite model at the LHC and HL-LHC
• Constraints on NJL four-fermion effective interactions from neutrinoless double beta decay