Cooling the Motion of Diamond Nanocrystals in a Magneto-Gravitational Trap in High Vacuum

Abstract

Levitated diamond nanocrystals with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres in high vacuum have been proposed as a unique system for experiments in fundamental quantum mechanics, including the generation of large quantum superposition states and tests of quantum gravity. This system promises extreme isolation from its environment while providing quantum control and sensing through the NV centre spin. While optical trapping has been the most explored method of levitation, recent results indicate that excessive optical heating of the nanodiamonds under vacuum may make the method impractical with currently available materials. Here, we study an alternative magneto-gravitational trap for diamagnetic particles, such as diamond nanocrystals, with stable levitation from atmospheric pressure to high vacuum. Magnetic field gradients from permanent magnets confine the particle in two dimensions, while confinement in the third dimension is gravitational. We demonstrate that feedback cooling of the centre-of-mass motion of a trapped nanodiamond cluster results in cooling of one degree of freedom to less than 1 K.

8 pages, 5 figures, and 2 pages of supplementary information. One Reference was added. Typographical errors are corrected. Figure file format was changed for compactness

References in corpus (5)

• Ground-state cooling of a micromechanical oscillator: generalized framework for cold damping and cavity-assisted cooling schemes
• Millikelvin cooling of an optically trapped microsphere in vacuum
• Electron spin resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centers in optically trapped nanodiamonds
• Testing quantum gravity by nanodiamond interferometry with nitrogen-vacancy centers
• Harmonic Oscillator in Heat Bath: Exact simulation of time-lapse-recorded data, exact analytical benchmark statistics

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