Second harmonic light scattering induced by defects in the twist-bend nematic phase of liquid crystal dimers

Abstract

The nematic twist-bend (${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{TB}}$) phase, exhibited by certain thermotropic liquid crystalline (LC) dimers, represents a new orientationally ordered mesophase -- the first distinct nematic variant discovered in many years. The ${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{TB}}$ phase is distinguished by a heliconical winding of the average molecular long axis (director) with a remarkably short (nanoscale) pitch and, in systems of achiral dimers, with an equal probability to form right- and left-handed domains. The ${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{TB}}$ structure thus provides another fascinating example of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in nature. The order parameter driving the formation of the heliconical state has been theoretically conjectured to be a polarization field, deriving from the bent conformation of the dimers, that rotates helically with the same nanoscale pitch as the director field. It therefore presents a significant challenge for experimental detection. Here we report a second harmonic light scattering (SHLS) study on two achiral, ${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{TB}}$-forming LCs, which is sensitive to the polarization field due to micron-scale distortion of the helical structure associated with naturally-occurring textural defects. These defects are parabolic focal conics of smectic-like "pseudo-layers", defined by planes of equivalent phase in a coarse-grained description of the ${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{TB}}$ state. Our SHLS data are explained by a coarse-grained free energy density that combines a Landau-deGennes expansion of the polarization field, the elastic energy of a nematic, and a linear coupling between the two.

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Cited by in corpus (4)

• Molecular organization in the twist-bend nematic phase by resonant X-ray scattering at the Se K-edge and by SAXS, WAXS and GIXRD
• Helfrich-Hurault elastic instabilities driven by geometrical frustration
• Fluctuation modes of a twist-bend nematic liquid crystal
• Smectic-like rheology and pseudo-layer compression elastic constant of a twist-bend nematic liquid crystal