Hole probability for nodal sets of the cut-off Gaussian Free Field

Abstract

Let ($\Sigma$, g) be a closed connected surface equipped with a riemannian metric. Let ($\lambda$ n) n$\in$N and ($\psi$ n) n$\in$N be the increasing sequence of eigenvalues and the sequence of corresponding L 2-normalized eigenfunctions of the laplacian on $\Sigma$. For each L \textgreater{} 0, we consider $\varphi$ L = 0\textless{}$\lambda$n$\le$L $\xi$n $\sqrt$ $\lambda$n $\psi$ n where the $\xi$ n are i.i.d centered gaussians with variance 1. As L $\to$ $\infty$, $\varphi$ L converges a.s. to the Gaussian Free Field on $\Sigma$ in the sense of distributions. We first compute the asymptotic behavior of the covariance function for this family of fields as L $\to$ $\infty$. We then use this result to obtain the asymptotics of the probability that $\varphi$ L is positive on a given open proper subset with smooth boundary. In doing so, we also prove the concentration of the supremum of $\varphi$ L around 1 $\sqrt$ 2$\pi$ ln L.