Toroidal resonance: relation to pygmy mode, vortical properties and anomalous deformation splitting

Abstract

We review a recent progress in investigation of the isoscalar toroidal dipole resonance (TDR). A possible relation of the TDR and low-energy dipole strength (also called a pygmy resonance) is analyzed. It is shown that the dipole strength in the pygmy region can by understood as a local manifestation of the collective vortical toroidal motion at the nuclear surface. Application of the TDR as a measure of the nuclear dipole vorticity is discussed. Finally, an anomalous splitting of the TDR in deformed nuclei is scrutinized.

8 pages, 5 figures, submitted to "Physics of Atomic Nuclei"

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• Beyond-mean-field effects on the symmetry energy and its slope from the low-lying dipole response of ${}^{68}$Ni
• Isoscalar dipole excitations in ${}^{16}$O
• Cluster and toroidal aspects of isoscalar dipole excitations in ${}^{12}$C
• Individual dipole toroidal states: main features and search in (e,e') reaction
• Isoscalar monopole and dipole transitions in ${}^{24}$Mg, ${}^{26}$Mg and ${}^{28}$Si
• Soft breathing modes in neutron--rich nuclei with the subtracted second random--phase approximation
• Individual low-energy E1 toroidal and compression states in light nuclei: deformation effect, spectroscopy and interpretation
• Cluster correlation and nuclear vorticity in low-lying $1^{-}$ states of ${}^{24}$Mg
• Low-energy dipole excitation mode in ${}^{18}$O with antisymmetrized molecular dynamics
• Microscopic analysis of dipole electric and magnetic strengths in ${}^{156}$Gd
• Low-energy dipole excitation modes in ${}^{10}$Be
• Low-energy dipole excitations in ${}^{20}$O with antisymmetrized molecular dynamics