Metallicity from Type II Supernovae from the (i)PTF

Abstract

Type IIP supernovae (SNe IIP) have recently been proposed as metallicity ($Z$) probes. The spectral models of Dessart et al. (2014) showed that the pseudo-equivalent width of Fe II $\lambda$5018 (pEW${}_{5018}$) during the plateau phase depends on the primordial $Z$, but there was a paucity of SNe IIP exhibiting pEW${}_{5018}$ that were compatible with $Z<0.4$ ${\mathrm{Z}}_{\odot }$. This lack might be due to some physical property of the SN II population or to the fact that those SNe have been discovered in luminous, metal-rich targeted galaxies. Here we use SN II observations from the untargeted (intermediate) Palomar Transient Factory [(i)PTF] survey, aiming to investigate the pEW${}_{5018}$ distribution of this SN population and, in particular, to look for the presence of SNe II at lower $Z$. We perform pEW${}_{5018}$ measurements on the spectra of a sample of 39 (i)PTF SNe II, selected to have well-constrained explosion epochs and light-curve properties. Based on the comparison with the pEW${}_{5018}$ spectral models, we subgrouped our SNe into four $Z$ bins from $Z\approx 0.1$ $Z_{\odot }$ up to $Z\approx 2$ $Z_{\odot }$. We also independently investigated the $Z$ of the hosts by using their absolute magnitudes and colors and, in a few cases, using strong-line diagnostics from spectra. We searched for possible correlations between SN observables, such as their peak magnitudes and the $Z$ inferred from pEW${}_{5018}$. We found 11 events with pEW${}_{5018}$ that were small enough to indicate $Z\approx 0.1$ $Z_{\odot }$. The trend of pEW${}_{5018}$ with $Z$ matches the $Z$ estimates obtained from the host-galaxy photometry, although the significance of the correlation is weak. We also found that SNe with brighter peak magnitudes have smaller pEW${}_{5018}$ and occur at lower $Z$.

arXiv commentReplaced to match the accepted version

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