Deciphering the bipolar planetary nebula Abell 14 with 3D ionization and morphological studies

Abstract

Abell 14 is a poorly studied object despite being considered a born again planetary nebula. We performed a detailed study of its 3D morphology and ionization structure using the SHAPE and MOCASSIN codes. We found that Abell 14 is a highly evolved, bipolar nebula with a kinematical age of $\sim$19,400 yr for a distance of 4 kpc. The high He abundance, and N/O ratio indicate a progenitor of 5 $M_{\odot }$ that has experienced the third dredge-up and hot bottom burning phases. The stellar parameters of the central source reveal a star at a highly evolved stage near to the white dwarf cooling track, being inconsistent with the born again scenario. The nebula shows unexpectedly strong [N I] $\lambda 5200$ and [O I] $\lambda 6300$ emission lines indicating possible shock interactions. Abell 14 appears to be a member of a small group of highly evolved, extreme Type-I PNe. The members of this group lie at the lower-left corner of the PNe regime on the [N II]/H$\alpha$ vs. [S II]/H$\alpha$ diagnostic diagram, where shock--excited regions/objects are also placed. The low luminosity of their central stars, in conjunction with the large physical size of the nebulae, result in a very low photo-ionization rate, which can make any contribution of shock interaction easily perceptible, even for small velocities.

12 pages, 9 figures and 4 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (7)

• Isolated vs. Common Envelope Dynamos in Planetary Nebula Progenitors
• X-ray enabled MOCASSIN: a 3D code for photoionized media
• And in the Darkness Bind Them: Equatorial Rings, B[e] Supergiants, and the Waists of Bipolar Nebulae
• First release of the IPHAS Catalogue of New Extended Planetary Nebulae
• Can the third dredge-up extinguish hot-bottom burning in massive AGB stars?
• Morpho-kinematic modeling of gaseous nebulae with SHAPE
• VLT observations of the asymmetric Etched Hourglass Nebula, MyCn 18

Cited by in corpus (24)

• Intensity mapping with SDSS/BOSS Lyman-alpha emission, quasars and their Lyman-alpha forest
• Catalogue of central stars of planetary nebulae: Expanded edition
• H${}_2$ in low-ionization structures of planetary nebulae
• IFU spectroscopy of southern PNe: III
• Forming H-shaped and barrel-shaped nebulae with interacting jets
• Exploring the differences of integrated and spatially resolved analysis using integral field unit data: The case of Abell 14
• High velocity string of knots in the outburst of the Planetary Nebula Hb4
• Inclined jets inside a common envelope of a triple stellar system
• The formation of `columns crowns' by jets interacting with a circumstellar dense shell
• Shaping planetary nebulae with jets in inclined triple stellar systems
• An outburst powered by the merging of two stars inside the envelope of a giant
• Distance mapping applied to four well-known planetary nebulae and a nova shell
• Morpho-kinematic properties of Wolf-Rayet planetary nebulae
• On the role of reduced wind mass-loss rate in enabling exoplanets to shape planetary nebulae
• First 3D Morpho-Kinematic model of Supernova Remnants. The case of VRO 42.05.01 (G 166.0+4.3)
• The future influence of six exoplanets on the envelope properties of their parent stars on the giant branches
• Morphology and ionization characteristics of planetary nebulae PB 1 and PC 19
• Variable jets at the termination of the common envelope evolution
• The morpho-kinematical structure and chemical abundances of the complex planetary nebula NGC 1514
• Photoionization models of Planetary Nebulae
• Introducing PyCross: PyCloudy Rendering Of Shape Software for pseudo 3D ionisation modelling of nebulae
• History of the mass ejection in K 4-37: from the AGB to the evolved planetary nebula phase
• 3D spatio-kinematic modeling of Abell 48, a planetary nebula around a Wolf-Rayet [WN] star
• Morpho-kinematic and photoionization models of the multipolar structures in planetary nebula NGC 6572