A Catalog of Methanol Masers in Massive Star-forming Regions. III. The Molecular Outflow Sample

Abstract

We present an interferometric survey of the 44 GHz class I methanol maser transition toward a sample of 69 sources consisting of High Mass Protostellar Object candidates and Ultracompact (UC) H II regions. We found a 38% detection rate (16 of 42) in the HMPO candidates and a 54% detection rate (13 of 24) for the regions with ionized gas. This result indicates that class I methanol maser emission is more common toward more evolved young stellar objects of our sample. Comparing with similar interferometric data sets, our observations show narrower linewidths, likely due to our higher spatial resolution. Based on a comparison between molecular outflow tracers and the maser positions, we find several cases where the masers appear to be located at the outflow interface with the surrounding core. Unlike previous surveys, we also find several cases where the masers appear to be located close to the base of the molecular outflow, although we can not discard projection effects. This and other surveys of class I methanol masers not only suggest that these masers may trace shocks at different stages, but may even trace shocks arising from a number of different phenomena occurring in star-forming regions: young/old outflows, cloud-cloud collisions, expanding H II regions, among others.

Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement

References in corpus (8)

• A Class I and Class II Methanol Maser Survey of Extended Green Objects (EGOs) from the GLIMPSE Survey
• Class I methanol masers in the outflow of IRAS 16547-4247
• Multiple Jets from the High-Mass (Proto)stellar Cluster AFGL5142
• Outflows from Massive YSOs as Seen with the Infrared Array Camera
• Molecular Outflows and a Mid-Infrared Census of the Massive Star-Formation Region Associated with IRAS 18507+0121
• A Survey of OH Masers Towards High Mass Protostellar Objects
• On the nature of outflows in intermediate-mass protostars: a case study of IRAS 20050+2720
• Rapidly increasing collimation and magnetic field changes of a H2O maser outflow

Cited by in corpus (22)

• Online Database of Class I Methanol Masers
• A New 95 GHz Methanol Maser Catalog: I. Data
• A catalog of 44 GHz methanol masers in massive star-forming regions. IV. The high-mass protostellar object sample
• The evolution of temperature and density structures of OB cluster-forming molecular clumps
• 84-GHz methanol masers, their relationship to 36-GHz methanol masers and their molecular environments
• Simultaneous Survey of Water and Class I Methanol Masers toward Red MSX Sources
• Linear Polarization of Class I Methanol Masers in Massive Star-Forming Regions
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -XIII. Ongoing triggered star formation within clump-fed scenario found in the massive ($\sim 1500$ ${\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$) clump
• 44 GHz methanol masers: Observations toward 95 GHz methanol masers
• MHOs toward HMOs: A Search for Molecular Hydrogen emission-line Objects toward High-Mass Outflows
• ATLASGAL: 3-mm class I methanol masers in high-mass star formation regions
• 44 GHz Class I Methanol (CH${}_3$OH) Maser Survey in the Galactic Center
• A survey of SiO $J=$ 1 -- 0 emission toward massive star-forming regions
• Surveys of Clumps, Cores, and Condensations in the Cygnus X: II. Radio Properties of the Massive Dense Cores
• 36 GHz methanol lines from nearby galaxies: maser or quasi-thermal emission?
• New ex-OH maser detections in the northern celestial hemisphere
• Discovery of two embedded massive YSOs and an outflow in IRAS 18144-1723
• Interferometric and single-dish observations of 44, 84 and 95 GHz Class I methanol masers
• Dust and Gas environment of the young embedded cluster IRAS 18511+0146
• Characterising the high-mass star forming region IRAS 18144-1723 through methanol maser observations
• Simultaneous 22 GHz Water and 44 GHz Methanol Masers Survey of Ultracompact HII Regions
• Broadband VLA Spectral Line Survey of a Sample of Ionized Jet Candidates