Excursions through KK modes

Abstract

In this article we study Kaluza-Klein (KK) dimensional reduction of massive Abelian gauge theories with charged matter fields on a circle. Since local gauge transformations change position dependence of the charged fields, the decomposition of the charged matter fields into KK modes is gauge dependent. While whole KK mass spectrum is independent of the gauge choice, the mode number depends on the gauge. The masses of the KK modes also depend on the field value of the zero-mode of the extra dimensional component of the gauge field. In particular, one of the KK modes in the KK tower of each massless 5D charged field becomes massless at particular values of the extra-dimensional component of the gauge field. When the extra-dimensional component of the gauge field is identified with the inflaton, this structure leads to recursive cosmological particle productions.

v2: Added a section on a comparison between a simple model with observations. Matched with published version. 1+10 pages

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• Particle production during inflation: constraints expected from redshifted 21 cm observations from the epoch of reionization
• Particle production during inflation: A Bayesian analysis with CMB data from Planck 2018