LCODE: a parallel quasistatic code for computationally heavy problems of plasma wakefield acceleration

Abstract

LCODE is a freely-distributed quasistatic 2D3V code for simulating plasma wakefield acceleration, mainly specialized at resource-efficient studies of long-term propagation of ultrarelativistic particle beams in plasmas. The beam is modeled with fully relativistic macro-particles in a simulation window copropagating with the light velocity; the plasma can be simulated with either kinetic or fluid model. Several techniques are used to obtain exceptional numerical stability and precision while maintaining high resource efficiency, enabling LCODE to simulate the evolution of long particle beams over long propagation distances even on a laptop. A recent upgrade enabled LCODE to perform the calculations in parallel. A pipeline of several LCODE processes communicating via MPI (Message-Passing Interface) is capable of executing multiple consecutive time steps of the simulation in a single pass. This approach can speed up the calculations by hundreds of times.

References in corpus (5)

• AWAKE, The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment at CERN
• Path to AWAKE: Evolution of the concept
• Electron trapping and acceleration by the plasma wakefield of a self-modulating proton beam
• Plasma wakefield acceleration studies using the quasi-static code WAKE
• Parameter sensitivity of plasma wakefields driven by self-modulating proton beams

Cited by in corpus (20)

• Path to AWAKE: Evolution of the concept
• HiPACE++: a portable, 3D quasi-static Particle-in-Cell code
• Dissipation of electron-beam-driven plasma wakes
• Radial equilibrium of relativistic particle bunches in plasma wakefield accelerators
• Experimental Study of Wakefields Driven by a Self-Modulating Proton Bunch in Plasma
• Ion dynamics driven by a strongly nonlinear plasma wake
• High quality electron beam generation in a proton-driven hollow plasma wakefield accelerator
• First fully kinetic three-dimensional simulation of the AWAKE baseline scenario
• Response of narrow cylindrical plasmas to dense charged particle beams
• High-quality positrons from a multi-proton bunch driven hollow plasma wakefield accelerator
• Witness emittance growth caused by driver density fluctuations in plasma wakefield accelerators
• Wakefield decay in a radially bounded plasma due to formation of electron halo
• Proton beam self-modulation seeded by electron bunch in plasma with density ramp
• Advanced quasistatic approximation
• Accelerating field enhancement due to ion motion in plasma wakefield accelerators
• AWAKE-related benchmarking tests for simulation codes
• Multi-proton bunch driven hollow plasma wakefield acceleration in the nonlinear regime
• Evolution of equilibrium particle beams under external wakefields
• Amplitude enhancement of the self-modulated plasma wakefields
• Electron-Positron Collider Design -- simulations from long proton driven beam to 125GeV witness electron and positron bunches