Dragging of inertial frames in the composed black-hole-ring system

Abstract

A well-established phenomenon in general relativity is the dragging of inertial frames by a spinning object. In particular, due to the dragging of inertial frames by a ring orbiting a central black hole, the angular-velocity of the black-hole horizon in the composed black-hole-ring system is no longer related to the black-hole angular-momentum by the simple Kerr-like (vacuum) relation ${\Omega }_{\text{H}}^{\text{Kerr}}(J_{\text{H}})=J_{\text{H}}/2M^2{R}_{\text{H}}$. Will has performed a perturbative treatment of the composed black-hole-ring system in the regime of slowly rotating black holes and found the explicit relation ${\Omega }_{\text{H}}^{\text{BH-ring}}(J_{\text{H}}=0,J_{\text{R}},R)=2J_{\text{R}}/R^3$ for the angular-velocity of a central black hole with zero angular-momentum. Analyzing a sequence of black-hole-ring configurations with adiabatically varying (decreasing) circumferential radii, we show that the expression found by Will implies a smooth transition of the central black-hole angular-velocity from its asymptotic near-horizon value ${\Omega }_{\text{H}}^{\text{BH-ring}}(J_{\text{H}}=0,J_{\text{R}},R\to R_{\text{H}}^{+})$ to its final Kerr (vacuum) value ${\Omega }_{\text{H}}^{\text{Kerr}}(J_{\text{H}}^{\text{new}})$. We use this important observation in order to generalize the result of Will to the regime of black-hole-ring configurations in which the central black holes possess non-zero angular momenta. Remarkably, we find the simple universal relation $\Delta {\Omega }_{\text{H}}\equiv {\Omega }_{\text{H}}^{\text{BH-ring}}(J_{\text{H}},J_{\text{R}},R\to R_{\text{H}}^{+})-{\Omega }_{\text{H}}^{\text{Kerr}}(J_{\text{H}})=J_{\text{R}}/4M^3$ for the asymptotic deviation of the black-hole angular-velocity in the composed black-hole-ring system from the corresponding angular-velocity of the unperturbed (vacuum) Kerr black hole with the same angular-momentum.

4 pages

References in corpus (1)

• Self-gravitating ring of matter in orbit around a black hole: The innermost stable circular orbit

Cited by in corpus (3)

• Perturbation of a Schwarzschild black hole due to a rotating thin disc
• Overspinning problem in Kerr black holes: second order corrections and self-energy
• Frame-dragging: meaning, myths, and misconceptions