Identifying the Stern-Gerlach force of classical electron dynamics

Abstract

Different classical theories are commonly applied in various branches of physics to describe the relativistic dynamics of electrons by coupled equations for the orbital motion and spin precession. Exemplarily, we benchmark the Frenkel model and the classical Foldy-Wouthuysen model with spin-dependent forces (Stern-Gerlach forces) to the quantum dynamics as predicted by the Dirac equation. Both classical theories can lead to different or even contradicting predictions how the Stern-Gerlach forces modify the electron's orbital motion, when the electron moves in strong electromagnetic field configurations of emerging high-intensity laser facilities. In this way, one may evaluate the validity and identify the limits of these classical theories via a comparison with possible experiments to provide a proper description of spin-induced dynamics. Our results indicate that the Foldy-Wouhuysen model is qualitatively in better agreement with the Dirac theory than the widely used Frenkel model.

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• Controlling electron spin dynamics in bichromatic Kapitza-Dirac scattering by the laser field polarization
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• Lorentz-Covariant Spin Operator for Spin 1/2 Massive Fields As a Physical Observable
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• Exact Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation for a Dirac equation describing the interaction of spin-1/2 relativistic particles with an external electromagnetic field