The no-boundary proposal via the five-dimensional Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker model
arXiv:1510.07311
Abstract
Hawking's proposal that the Universe has no temporal boundary and hence no beginning depends on the notion of imaginary time and is usually referred to as the "no-boundary proposal." This paper discusses a simple alternative approach by means of the five-dimensional Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker model.
5 pages, no figures