Chemical freeze-out in Hawking-Unruh radiation and quark-hadron transition

Abstract

The proposed analogy between hadron production in high-energy collisions and Hawking-Unruh radiation process in the black holes shall be extended. This mechanism provides a theoretical basis for the freeze-out parameters, the temperature ($T$) and the baryon chemical potential ($\mu$), characterizing the final state of particle production. The results from charged black holes, in which the electric charge is related to $\mu$, are found comparable with the phenomenologically deduced parameters from the ratios of various particle species and the higher-order moments of net-proton multiplicity in thermal statistical models and Polyakov linear-sigma model. Furthermore, the resulting freeze-out condition $⟨E⟩/⟨N⟩\simeq 1$GeV for average energy per particle is in good agreement with the hadronization process in the high-energy experiments. For the entropy density ($s$), the freeze-out condition $s/T^3\simeq 7$ remains valid for $\mu \lesssim 0.3$GeV. Then, due to the dependence of $T$ on $\mu$, the values of $s/T^3$ increase with increasing $\mu$. In accordance with this observation, we found that the entropy density remains constant with increasing $\mu$. Thus, we conclude that almost no information is going lost through Hawking-Unruh radiation from charged black holes. It is worthwhile to highlight that the freeze-out temperature from charged black holes is determined independent on both freeze-out conditions

18 pages, 2 eps-figures, to appear in PRD

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• Unruh thermal hadronization and the cosmological constant
• Analogy of QCD hadronization and Hawking-Unruh radiation at NICA
• Hadronization correspondence of Hawking-Unruh radiation from rotating and electrically charged black holes
• Unruh thermalization, gluon condensation and freeze-out