Correlation Length versus Gap in Frustration-Free Systems

Abstract

Hastings established exponential decay of correlations for ground states of gapped quantum many-body systems. A ground state of a (geometrically) local Hamiltonian with spectral gap $\epsilon$ has correlation length $\xi$ upper bounded as $\xi =O(1/\epsilon )$. In general this bound cannot be improved. Here we study the scaling of the correlation length as a function of the spectral gap in frustration-free local Hamiltonians, and we prove a tight bound $\xi =O(1/\sqrt{\epsilon })$ in this setting. This highlights a fundamental difference between frustration-free and frustrated systems near criticality. The result is obtained using an improved version of the combinatorial proof of correlation decay due to Aharonov, Arad, Vazirani, and Landau.

v3: published version

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