Decomposition of the Kostlan--Shub--Smale model for random polynomials

Abstract

Let $\cP_n$ be the space of homogeneous polynomials of degree $n$ on ${\mathbb{R}}^{m+1}$. We consider the asymptotic behavior of some coefficients relating to the decomposition of $\cP_n$ into the sum of $\SO(m+1)$-irreducible components. Using the results, we prove that a random Kostlan--Shub--Smale polynomial $u\in\cP_n$ can be approximated by polynomials of lower degree in the Sobolev spaces $H^k(S^m)$ on the unit sphere $S^m$ with small error and probability close to $1$. For example, if $l_n>\sqrt{(m+2k+8\ep)n\ln n}$, then the inequality $\dist(u,\cP_{l_n})<An^{-\ep}\|u\|$ holds for any sufficiently large $n$ with probability greater than $1-Bn^{-2\ep}$, where $\dist$ and $\Vert \Vert$ are the distance and norm in $H^k(S^m)$, respectively, $\ep\in(0,1)$, and $A,B$ depend only on $m$ and $k$. If $l_n>\ep n$, then both the approximation error and the deviation of probability from $1$ decay exponentially.

Minor changes throughout the paper; Proposition~5.1 is added