Separation of Timescales in a Quantum Newton's Cradle

Abstract

For strongly repulsive bosons in one dimension, we provide detailed modeling of the Bragg pulse used in quantum Newton's cradle-like settings or in Bragg spectroscopy experiments. By employing the Fermi-Bose mapping for a finite harmonically trapped gas and the Quench Action approach for a thermodynamic system on a ring, we reconstruct the exact post-pulse many-body time evolution of Lieb-Liniger gases in the Tonks-Girardeau limit, together with their changing local density profile and momentum distribution. Our results display a clear separation of timescales between rapid and trap-insensitive relaxation immediately after the pulse, followed by slow in-trap periodic behaviour.

9 pages (including Supp. Mat.), 7 figures [v2: changes in Fig. 4 and Fig. 6, references added]

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