Non-Equilibrium is Different

Abstract

Non-equilibrium and equilibrium fluid systems differ due to the existence of long-range correlations in non-equilibrium that are not present in equilibrium, except at critical points. Here we examine fluctuations of the temperature, of the pressure tensor, and of the heat current in a fluid maintained in a non-equilibrium stationary state (NESS) with a fixed temperature gradient, a system where the non-equilibrium correlations are especially long ranged. For this particular NESS our results show that (1) The mean-squared fluctuations in non-equilibrium differ markedly in their system size scaling compared to their equilibrium counterparts and (2) There are large, nonlocal, correlations of the normal stress in this NESS. These terms provide important corrections to the fluctuating normal stress in linearized Landau-Lifshitz fluctuating hydrodynamics.

To appear in Physical Review E

References in corpus (1)

• Non equilibrium steady states: fluctuations and large deviations of the density and of the current

Cited by in corpus (7)

• Non-isothermal fluctuating hydrodynamics and Brownian motion
• One-Dimensional Self-Organization and Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in a Hamiltonian System
• Work, work fluctuations, and the work distribution in a thermal non-equilibrium steady state
• Rigidity and Superfast Signal Propagation in Fluids and Solids in Non-Equilibrium Steady States
• A Fluctuation-Response Relation as a Probe of Long-Range Correlations in Non-Equilibrium Quantum and Classical Fluids
• Contrasting work fluctuations and distributions in systems with short-range and long-range correlations
• Work probability distribution for a ferromagnet with long-ranged and short-ranged correlations