Idempotent plethories

Abstract

Let $k$ be a commutative ring with identity. A {\it $k$-plethory} is a commutative $k$-algebra $P$ together with a comonad structure $W_P$, called the {\it $P$-Witt ring} functor, on the covariant functor that it represents. We say that a $k$-plethory $P$ is {\it idempotent} if the command $W_P$ is idempotent, or equivalently if the map from the trivial $k$-plethory $k[e]$ to $P$ is a $k$-plethory epimorphism. We prove several results on idempotent plethories. We also study the $k$-plethories contained in $K[e]$, where $K$ is the total quotient ring of $k$, which are necessarily idempotent and contained in $\mathrm{Int}(k)=\{f\in K[e]:f(k)\subseteq k\}$. For example, for any ring $l$ between $k$ and $K$ we find necessary and sufficient conditions---all of which hold if $k$ is a integral domain of Krull type---so that the ring ${\mathrm{Int}}_l(k)=\mathrm{Int}(k)\cap l[e]$ has the structure, necessarily unique and idempotent, of a $k$-plethory with unit given by the inclusion $k[e]⟶{\mathrm{Int}}_l(k)$. Our results, when applied to the binomial plethory $\mathrm{Int}(\mathbb{Z})$, specialize to known results on binomial rings.

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