Pulse shape dependence in the dynamically assisted Sauter-Schwinger effect

Abstract

While the Sauter-Schwinger effect describes nonperturbative electron-positron pair creation from vacuum by a strong and slowly varying electric field $E_{\mathrm{strong}}$ via tunneling, the dynamically assisted Sauter-Schwinger effect corresponds to a strong (exponential) enhancement of the pair-creation probability by an additional weak and fast electric or electromagnetic pulse $E_{\mathrm{weak}}$. Using the WKB and worldline instanton method, we find that this enhancement mechanism strongly depends on the shape of the fast pulse. For the Sauter profile $1/{\cosh }^2(\omega t)$ considered previously, the threshold frequency ${\omega }_{\mathrm{crit}}$ (where the enhancement mechanism sets in) is basically independent of the magnitude $E_{\mathrm{weak}}$ of the weak pulse---whereas for a Gaussian pulse $\exp (-{\omega }^2{t}^2)$, an oscillating profile $\cos (\omega t)$ or a standing wave $\cos (\omega t)\cos (kx)$, the value of ${\omega }_{\mathrm{crit}}$ does depend (logarithmically) on $E_{\mathrm{weak}}/E_{\mathrm{strong}}$.

13 pages REVTeX, 9 (sub)figures

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