Circumnuclear Media of Quiescent Supermassive Black Holes

Abstract

We calculate steady-state, one-dimensional hydrodynamic profiles of hot gas in slowly accreting ("quiescent") galactic nuclei for a range of central black hole masses $M_{\bullet }$, parametrized gas heating rates, and observationally-motivated stellar density profiles. Mass is supplied to the circumnuclear medium by stellar winds, while energy is injected primarily by stellar winds, supernovae, and black hole feedback. Analytic estimates are derived for the stagnation radius (where the radial velocity of the gas passes through zero) and the large scale gas inflow rate, $\dot{M}$, as a function of $M_{\bullet }$ and the gas heating efficiency, the latter being related to the star-formation history. We assess the conditions under which radiative instabilities develop in the hydrostatic region near the stagnation radius, both in the case of a single burst of star formation and for the average star formation history predicted by cosmological simulations. By combining a sample of measured nuclear X-ray luminosities, $L_x$, of nearby quiescent galactic nuclei with our results for $\dot{M}(M_{\bullet })$ we address whether the nuclei are consistent with accreting in a steady-state, thermally-stable manner for radiative efficiencies predicted for radiatively inefficiency accretion flows. We find thermally-stable accretion cannot explain the short average growth times of low mass black holes in the local Universe, which must instead result from gas being fed in from large radii, due either to gas inflows or thermal instabilities acting on larger, galactic scales. Our results have implications for attempts to constrain the occupation fraction of SMBHs in low mass galaxies using the mean $L_x-M_{\bullet }$ correlation, as well as the predicted diversity of the circumnuclear densities encountered by relativistic outflows from tidal disruption events.

24 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables. Published in MNRAS

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Cited by in corpus (15)

• Radio Properties of Tidal Disruption Events
• On the charge of the Galactic centre black hole
• The Galactic Centre Chimney
• High-energy cosmic ray nuclei from tidal disruption events: Origin, survival, and implications
• The influence of circumnuclear environment on the radio emission from TDE jets
• Long Fading Mid-Infrared Emission in Transient Coronal Line Emitters: Dust Echo of Tidal Disruption Flare
• On the origins of enigmatic stellar populations in Local Group galactic nuclei
• Dust Echoes from Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transients
• The Gamma-ray Afterglows of Tidal Disruption Events
• A Generalised Bondi Accretion Model for the Galactic Centre
• Black-hole activity feedback across vast scales
• Hot Gas Flows on Parsec Scale in the Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 3115
• The contribution of young core-collapse supernova remnants to the X-ray emission near quiescent supermassive black holes
• Selected Chapters on Active Galactic Nuclei as Relativistic Systems
• The Type Ia Supernova and Asymptotic Giant Branch Stellar Ejecta-regulated Interstellar Medium of Massive Galaxies