Existence of covers and envelopes of a left orthogonal class and its right orthogonal class of modules

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the notions of ${\mathcal{X}}^{\perp }$-projective, $\mathcal{X}$-injective and $\mathcal{X}$-flat modules and give some characterizations of these modules, where $\mathcal{X}$ is a class of left $R$-modules. We prove that the class of all ${\mathcal{X}}^{\perp }$-projective modules is Kaplansky. Further, if the class of all $\mathcal{X}$-projective $R$-modules is closed under direct limits, we show the existence of ${\mathcal{X}}^{\perp }$-projective covers and $\mathcal{X}$-injective envelopes over a ${\mathcal{X}}^{\perp }$-hereditary ring $R.$ Moreover, we decompose a ${\mathcal{X}}^{\perp }$-projective module into a projective and a coreduced ${\mathcal{X}}^{\perp }$-projective module over a self $\mathcal{X}$-injective and ${\mathcal{X}}^{\perp }$-hereditary ring. Finally, we prove that every module has a $\mathcal{W}$-injective precover over a coherent ring $R,$ where $\mathcal{W}$ is the class of all pure projective modules.