Charge density waves and phonon-electron coupling in ZrTe${}_3$ investigated by Raman spectroscopy and first-principles calculations

Abstract

Charge-density-wave (CDW) order has long been interpreted as arising from a Fermi-surface instability in the parent metallic phase. While phonon-electron coupling has been suggested to influence the formation of CDW order in quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) systems, the presumed dominant importance of Fermi-surface nesting remains largely unquestioned in quasi-1D systems. Here we show that phonon-electron coupling is also important for the CDW formation in a model quasi-1D system ZrTe${}_3$. Our joint experimental and computational study reveals that particular lattice vibrational patterns possess exceedingly strong coupling to the conduction electrons, and are directly linked to the lattice distortions associated with the CDW order. The dependence of the coupling matrix elements on electron momentum further dictates the opening of (partial) electronic gaps in the CDW phase. Since lattice distortions and electronic gaps are the defining signatures of CDW order, our result demonstrates that the conventional wisdom based on Fermi-surface geometry needs to be substantially supplemented by phonon-electron coupling even in the simplest quasi-1D case. As prerequisites for the CDW formation, the highly anisotropic electronic structure and strong phonon-electron coupling in ZrTe${}_3$ give rise to a distinct Raman scattering effect, namely, measured phonon linewidths depend on the direction of momentum transfer in the scattering process.

23 pages, 9 figures

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• Raman spectroscopy of optical phonon and incommensurate charge density wave modes in 2H-TaSe2 exfoliated flakes
• Thermal transport and mixed valence in ZrTe${}_3$ doped with Hf and Se
• Detailed Electronic Structure of the Three-Dimensional Fermi Surface and its Sensitivity to Charge Density Wave Transition in ZrTe3 Revealed by High Resolution Laser-Based Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
• Observation of anomalous amplitude modes in the kagome metal CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$
• Enhanced Superconductivity and Electron Correlations in Intercalated ZrTe${}_3$
• Enhanced Phonon-Phonon Interactions and Weakened Electron-Phonon Coupling in Charge-Density-Wave Topological Semimetal EuAl4 with a Possible Intermediate Electronic State
• Highly anisotropic transient optical response of charge density wave order in ZrTe${}_3$
• Sliding phasons in Moiré Ladders
• Interplay of phonons, intertwined density waves, and induced spin density wave in trilayer nickelates Pr4-xLaxNi3O10